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DESIGN AND IMPLEMENTATION OF APRACTICAL FLEXTM PAGING DECODERbyScott Lindsey McCulleyThesis submitted to the Faculty of the Virginia Polytechnic Insti

Design and Implementation of a Practical FLEX Paging DecoderGrayson Wireless 2Motorola Inc. has developed a new paging protocol called FLEX 1 to addr

Design and Implementation of a Practical FLEX Paging DecoderGrayson Wireless 3mainframe that allows up to four pairs of receivers and decoders to comm

Design and Implementation of a Practical FLEX Paging DecoderGrayson Wireless 4Chapter 22. FLEX Protocol2.1 Overview of FLEX ProtocolThe FLEX format i

Design and Implementation of a Practical FLEX Paging DecoderGrayson Wireless 5transmitting a preamble in an asynchronous protocol can be time used to

Design and Implementation of a Practical FLEX Paging DecoderGrayson Wireless 6The 4-FSK data is transmitted using a Gray-code [Cou 90] which means tha

Design and Implementation of a Practical FLEX Paging DecoderGrayson Wireless 7FLEX pager to receive the same numbered frame within two consecutive cyc

Design and Implementation of a Practical FLEX Paging DecoderGrayson Wireless 82.3.1 Frame FormatThe format of each frame is shown in Figure 2-4 [Ste 9

Design and Implementation of a Practical FLEX Paging DecoderGrayson Wireless 92.3.2 Block InterleavingEach block contains 8, 16, or 32 codewords of da

Design and Implementation of a Practical FLEX Paging DecoderGrayson Wireless 102.3.3 CodewordEach codeword in FLEX is 32 bits long and uses the same e

Design and Implementation of a Practical FLEX Paging DecoderGrayson Wireless 11letter (a, b, c, d). For 1600 bps FLEX, only phase a is transmitted.

Design and Implementation of a Practical FLEX Paging DecoderbyScott McCulleyTheodore S. Rappaport, ChairmanElectrical Engineering(ABSTRACT)The Motorol

Design and Implementation of a Practical FLEX Paging DecoderGrayson Wireless 12Table 2-1 Codewords per paging type2.4 Fading ToleranceThe robust natur

Design and Implementation of a Practical FLEX Paging DecoderGrayson Wireless 13Table 2-2 Relative signal strength for 99% success rate of 80 character

Design and Implementation of a Practical FLEX Paging DecoderGrayson Wireless 14system it does require a frame to be sent with a minimum time so that t

Design and Implementation of a Practical FLEX Paging DecoderGrayson Wireless 15Chapter 33. Receiver and Decoder Design3.1 ReceiverThe receiver which f

Design and Implementation of a Practical FLEX Paging DecoderGrayson Wireless 164 POLEXTAL FilFM DemodulatedDiscrimated Audio(DC-15kHz)Test Point (TP)1

Design and Implementation of a Practical FLEX Paging DecoderGrayson Wireless 17For high side injectionflo-high > fbit1 > fbit0.when mixed downfI

Design and Implementation of a Practical FLEX Paging DecoderGrayson Wireless 18fcfcVfbit0fbit1fbit0Vfbit1VVoltsInstantaneousFrequnecyFigure 3-2 Ideal

Design and Implementation of a Practical FLEX Paging DecoderGrayson Wireless 19Maximum orPeak+ DetectorMinimum orPeak- DetectorSample& HoldSample&

Design and Implementation of a Practical FLEX Paging DecoderGrayson Wireless 20detected are “pumped-up” to their desired value. The Peak- Detector wo

Design and Implementation of a Practical FLEX Paging DecoderGrayson Wireless 21using the pump-charge capacitors and held by the sample and hold chip a

Grayson Wireless iiiAcknowledgmentsI wish to express my deep appreciation to Dr. Theodore S. Rappaport for acting as my advisorand for his motivation

Design and Implementation of a Practical FLEX Paging DecoderGrayson Wireless 22()VVVVTHighMax T AvgTAvg−−−=−+23which reduces down toVVVTHighMax Min−=+

Design and Implementation of a Practical FLEX Paging DecoderGrayson Wireless 23R2VT-AvgR3R4R1VT-LowVT-HighVMaxVMin2.49 KΩ4.87 KΩ4.87 KΩ2.49 KΩ+-+-+-VI

Design and Implementation of a Practical FLEX Paging DecoderGrayson Wireless 24The symbol determination was performed by first determining the most si

Design and Implementation of a Practical FLEX Paging DecoderGrayson Wireless 25centered. If the bit energy is centered toward the older samples which

Design and Implementation of a Practical FLEX Paging DecoderGrayson Wireless 26complete description of how the decoder determines each symbol and main

Design and Implementation of a Practical FLEX Paging DecoderGrayson Wireless 27MainInterrupt: Collect data at 1600 2-FSKWait for bitCollect next 32 bi

Design and Implementation of a Practical FLEX Paging DecoderGrayson Wireless 28returns a 2-bit error correction factor. The software then sends the 2

Design and Implementation of a Practical FLEX Paging DecoderGrayson Wireless 29what would be implemented in hardware with taps at each location. Afte

Design and Implementation of a Practical FLEX Paging DecoderGrayson Wireless 30binomial sampling provides a boundary on how many bits must be collecte

Design and Implementation of a Practical FLEX Paging DecoderGrayson Wireless 31BER bits = bits in error / total usable bitsBER CW = codeword erasures

Grayson Wireless ivTable of ContentsAbstract iiAcknowledgments iiiTable of Contents ivList of Figures viiList of Tables ix1. Introduction 12. FLEX Pr

Design and Implementation of a Practical FLEX Paging DecoderGrayson Wireless 32Chapter 44. MeasurementsAll measurements were performed on three receiv

Design and Implementation of a Practical FLEX Paging DecoderGrayson Wireless 33Figure 4-1 Linearity measurementThe HP8591A spectrum analyzer was setup

Design and Implementation of a Practical FLEX Paging DecoderGrayson Wireless 34Table 4-1 HP8591A spectrum analyzer setup4.2 Equivalent noise bandwidt

Design and Implementation of a Practical FLEX Paging DecoderGrayson Wireless 35RFInput50 OhmLoadHP8591ASpec AnyzrTEK-P6201FET PROBEGraysonReceiverRFIn

Design and Implementation of a Practical FLEX Paging DecoderGrayson Wireless 364.4 Cable lossThe cable loss measurement is shown in Figure 4-3. The H

Design and Implementation of a Practical FLEX Paging DecoderGrayson Wireless 37could be extracted out. The program saved the random data to a file fo

Design and Implementation of a Practical FLEX Paging DecoderGrayson Wireless 38StartInitialize HP8648AFile Num = 0Generate Random FlexCycle data for H

Design and Implementation of a Practical FLEX Paging DecoderGrayson Wireless 39due to not decoding Sync1 and thus not receiving Sync1. The rate is al

Design and Implementation of a Practical FLEX Paging DecoderGrayson Wireless 405. Results5.1 Linear measurementTable 5-1 Linear measurementThe table s

Design and Implementation of a Practical FLEX Paging DecoderGrayson Wireless 41Table 5-2 Cable loss measurement of 1 to 4 splitter and cables5.3 Noise

Grayson Wireless v3.4 BER Measurements ...29

Design and Implementation of a Practical FLEX Paging DecoderGrayson Wireless 425.4 FLEX Data MeasurementsTable 5-4 AS4927 FLEX measurementTx Usable b

Design and Implementation of a Practical FLEX Paging DecoderGrayson Wireless 43Table 5-6 AS4927 BER versus Eb/NoFigure 5-1 AS4927 Graph of BER versus

Design and Implementation of a Practical FLEX Paging DecoderGrayson Wireless 44Table 5-7 AS4928 BER versus Eb/NoFigure 5-2 AS4928 Graph of BER versus

Design and Implementation of a Practical FLEX Paging DecoderGrayson Wireless 455.5 AnalysisAs Figure 5-1 and Figure 5-2 show, the difference between i

Design and Implementation of a Practical FLEX Paging DecoderGrayson Wireless 466. ConclusionThe author’s contribution-s in this work have been with th

Design and Implementation of a Practical FLEX Paging DecoderGrayson Wireless 477. References[Ber 68] Berlekamp, Elwyn R., Algebraic Coding Theory, McG

Design and Implementation of a Practical FLEX Paging DecoderGrayson Wireless 48[Mac 77] MacWilliams, F.J., Sloane, N.J.A., The Theory of Error-Correct

Design and Implementation of a Practical FLEX Paging DecoderGrayson Wireless 498. Appendix - Code Listings/*******************************************

Design and Implementation of a Practical FLEX Paging DecoderGrayson Wireless 50/* power dbm = 10 log(power mW / 1 mW) *//* power dbm / 10 = log(power

Design and Implementation of a Practical FLEX Paging DecoderGrayson Wireless 51/************************************************/* Program: FLEX.CPP/*

Grayson Wireless viList of FiguresFigure 2-1 FLEX 2-FSK bit pattern with frequency deviation... 5F

Design and Implementation of a Practical FLEX Paging DecoderGrayson Wireless 52//bit location 0 - 20 is data 21 is check bitworking ^= polynominal; }

Design and Implementation of a Practical FLEX Paging DecoderGrayson Wireless 53char hpibStr[255];//from Chapter 2 in HP8648A manualsprintf(hpibStr,&qu

Design and Implementation of a Practical FLEX Paging DecoderGrayson Wireless 54strcpy(fskStr,"FSK2");break;default:printf("Error Rate n

Design and Implementation of a Practical FLEX Paging DecoderGrayson Wireless 55}sprintf(hpibStr,"PAG:FLEX:RATE %s",rateStr);sendHpib(hpibStr

Design and Implementation of a Practical FLEX Paging DecoderGrayson Wireless 56/* printf("flex %08lX = msb16 %04lX lsb16 %04lX ", fle

Design and Implementation of a Practical FLEX Paging DecoderGrayson Wireless 57case 'I':initializeHP8648A();break;case 'R':if (_ar

Design and Implementation of a Practical FLEX Paging DecoderGrayson Wireless 58/************************************************/* Program: ANALZER.CP

Design and Implementation of a Practical FLEX Paging DecoderGrayson Wireless 59//TRACE_02 to _04//below are trace statements that are enabled if the t

Design and Implementation of a Practical FLEX Paging DecoderGrayson Wireless 60printf("Num:%s Frame:%d cw:%d is %06lX\n",numStr, frame-1, cw

Design and Implementation of a Practical FLEX Paging DecoderGrayson Wireless 61while (fCount < (STOP_FRAME-START_FRAME+1)) {if (TRACE_01) printf(&q

Grayson Wireless viiFigure 4-3 Cable loss measurement ... 36

Design and Implementation of a Practical FLEX Paging DecoderGrayson Wireless 62results[rxNum][rate][dbm].frameErasures[2]++; //erasure by Commaif ((

Design and Implementation of a Practical FLEX Paging DecoderGrayson Wireless 63}}}if (infoDisplayed) {// printf("%d.\n", cw-1);infoDisplayed

Design and Implementation of a Practical FLEX Paging DecoderGrayson Wireless 64printf("Saving results for receiver %c rate %c\n",'1&apo

Design and Implementation of a Practical FLEX Paging DecoderGrayson Wireless 65// printf("Complete Ber Result\n");// getch();freeMemory();}/

Design and Implementation of a Practical FLEX Paging DecoderGrayson Wireless 669. VitaScott Lindsey McCulleyScott Lindsey McCulley was born on August

Grayson Wireless viiiList of TablesTable 2-1 Codewords per paging type......

Design and Implementation of a Practical FLEX Paging DecoderGrayson Wireless 1Chapter 11. IntroductionThe demand and growth in portable communications